Recording, Analysing and Using Human Resource Information Essay

This task is based around a retail association. This association is in the design area, fundamentally selling women style (in spite of the fact that it has a few lines for men and kids). The association has 34 stores, essentially situated in the Midlands and South of the UK. It will in general utilize noteworthy number of understudies during the occasion time frame (to assist spread with staffing occasions) and it generally utilizes various transitory specialists in the bustling weeks paving the way to Christmas. Answer the accompanying inquiries (aggregate of 1000 words): 1. For what reason does this association need to keep representative records (recognize at any rate two reasons?) Two reasons with respect to why the previously mentioned association would need to keep worker records are as per the following; 1) To fulfill legitimate necessities †There are various lawful prerequisites with respect to the account of worker records. The key lawful prerequisites that this or any association or Human Resources (HR) office would should know about are; Storing records for the Inland Revenue, The Working Time Regulations 1998, The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 and the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR). This rundown isn't thorough. [1]According to Martin et al ‘there is a broad assortment of enactment that directs and controls the administration of individual information and data. HR records need to fulfill various legitimate principles’. 2) To give data to help the association in its dynamic †By keeping worker records the previously mentioned association can bolster the association in its dynamic in different ways. For instance as this association will in general utilize a critical number of understudies during the occasion time frame they would have the option to take a gander at records from earlier years and maybe re-utilize understudies who had a decent past record in participation and execution and so on. Then again in the event that they had a representative who messed them up with zones, for example, participation or execution they would know not to re-utilize them. This could assist with sparing time and asset with regards to enrolling for the occasion time frame. 2. What information identifying with workers may this association need to gather and in what capacity will this help HR or L&D rehearses? (Give 2 instances of sorts of information) Two instances of kinds of information the above association might need to gather to help with HR or L&D rehearses are as per the following; 1) Primary representative records †These records incorporate all worker individual data, for example, name, address, date of birth, start date of business, bank subtleties, National Insurance number, and duty data (P45 or P46). This data will bolster the HR division in a wide range of ways extending from basic undertakings, for example, delivering letters to progressively complex assignments, for example, creating reports. The HR division may need to create letters for representatives identifying with anything, for example, an adjustment in working hours to data about an ailment nonappearance. The workers contact data would be assembled from the essential representative records as referenced previously. The HR division may likewise need to create reports; these reports may allude to the age of the workforce, or the length of administration inside the workforce. Again the HR office would look to these essential worker records to help. 2) Absence †It is crucial for any association to record nonattendance levels notwithstanding, eventually on the off chance that the data accumulated isn't utilized, at that point it is of no genuine advantage to the association. [2]According to Daniels ‘if nonattendance information will be of any utilization it should be: †¢ Reported month to month †¢ Reported nearby information that appears at any rate the previous a year †¢ Compared with the rate for the business †¢ Broken somewhere around gathering of worker (for example manual and non-manual) or by department.’ Recording nonappearance levels will bolster the previously mentioned association inside the HR office from multiple points of view. One case of this would be in the event that there are any months where nonappearance is especially high, at that point operationally the association may take a gander at the chance of requiring brief spread. The association may likewise see yearly patterns, in this way on the off chance that they realize that December for instance is where nonattendance levels are especially high they can deliberately design and plan impermanent spread ahead of time. 3. What might you suggest as viable techniques for this association to store the information, and why? (Give two distinct alternatives) My proposals as powerful techniques for this association to store the information identifying with essential worker records and nonappearance are as per the following; 1) Primary representative records †As this association has an enormous number of workers spread across 34 distinct stores in various areas all through the United Kingdom; my proposal is utilize a Personnel Database. I accept this would be a key necessity in keeping the information put away effectively. HR offices may need to get to data from various Stores for announcing and so on hence I feel it is important to have an ace database for all representatives. Normal instances of sorts of information put away on a database would be name, address, start date, date of birth and compensation and so on. This data would then be able to be utilized in a wide range of ways going from straightforward errands, for example, delivering letters to progressively complex undertakings, for example, making spreadsheets and detailing. [3]Martin et al refered to that utilizing databases for worker records ‘could be utilized in its crude, natural structure to convey a letter. What's more it could be prepared to distinguish who is expected to resign or to figure compensation costs for department.’ 2) Absence †My suggestion for this association to store their nonattendance rates would be through Computerized Personnel Information Systems (CPIS). [4]According to Daniels, ‘as well as holding staff records and information, there are various different capacities that can be consolidated into CPIS. These may not generally accompany the standard bundle, yet they may be purchased as extra facilities’. Nonappearance the board being one of the capacities Daniels alludes to. One of advantages in utilizing CPIS corresponding to nonappearance would be that all Stores would approach nonattendance data identifying with each Store inside the association. This would empower leaders to proficiently and adequately break down patterns identifying with all the Stores. [5]Martin et al allude to the way that lone activities taken by chiefs and administrators can cut nonattendance levels down anyway great records can assist them with doing this activity. A CPIS will deliver precise information accordingly making it simpler for chiefs to screen this. 4. For what reason is it significant for the association to viably include and recover data? Answer this with specific reference to finance and work force records. The significance of adequately contributing and recovering data is critical to the fruitful activity of the above association, or in reality any association. I will explicitly focus on the territories of finance and work force. Initially I will talk about the suggestions identifying with finance. Paying representatives the right measure of cash at the right time is fundamental to worker fulfillment, along these lines inside any business it is crucial that all data required for handling finance has been input and recovered precisely. As this association has 34 stores there will be an enormous number of representatives, accordingly there will be a lot of data put away identifying with pay. In the event that data has been input or recovered inaccurately this could bring about off base installments to staff. For instance if a representative left the business anyway somebody neglected to enter that they were a leaver, this could bring about an inaccurate installment, subsequently losing the organization cash. Then again if a representative began the organization anyway somebody neglected to include the data this would imply that the new worker wasn’t paid as the data would not be in the framework. This would immediately give the new worker a terrible initial introduction of the association. Also I will talk about the suggestions identifying with faculty records. It is fundamental that work force data is input and recovered successfully for various reasons. The primary model would be if there should arise an occurrence of a crisis; when another worker begins inside the business they are constantly approached to present a contact who is to be reached in the event of a crisis. Subsequently it is significant that this data in input or recovered in the right way. On the off chance that the phone number was input mistakenly and the business came to utilize the number on account of a crisis the business would then not realize who to contact particularly inside an enormous association as referenced for the situation study. In the event that the data is recovered inaccurately the business may contact the mistaken individual which may prompt superfluous concern for somebody was has been embedded as a crisis contact for another representative. Another model with regards to why work force records should be input and recovered accurately would identify with clinical data. At the point when a representative is new to the business clinical data will be assembled. For instance if a representative experiences an ailment, for example, epilepsy and this has not been contribution to the framework on account of a mistake at that point staff may not comprehend or know whether they had an epileptic fit. It could be the equivalent with sensitivities to nuts and so on. In the event that staff don't know they won’t have the option to give clinical data to the rescue vehicle when they show up to help in cases like the previously mentioned. All the time giving this data to the rescue vehicle administrations can have the effect throughout everyday life and demise circumstances. 5. Recognize three parts of the capacity of information that should be tended to because of the Data Protection Act. [6]According to government enactment, The National Archives refered to that The D

Shakespearean Tragedies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Shakespearean Tragedies - Essay Example Nonetheless, in the plays of Shakespeare, the lamentable saint is consistently an honorable man who appreciates some status and thriving in the public arena however has some ethical shortcoming or defect which prompts his ruin. Outer conditions, for example, destiny additionally have an influence in the legends fall. Underhanded operators frequently follow up on the legend and the powers of good, making the saint settle on wrong choices. Blameless individuals consistently feel the fall in catastrophes, too. Shakespeares catastrophes are, generally, accounts of one individual, the saint, or at generally two, to incorporate the courageous woman. Only the Love Tragedies (Romeo and Juliet; Antony and Cleopatra) are special cases to this example. In these plays, the courageous woman is as much at the focal point of activity as the saint. The remainder of the disasters, including Macbeth, have single stars, so the unfortunate story is concerned basically with one individual. The appalling saints nature is excellent, and by and large raises him in some regard much over the normal degree of humankind. Shakespeares disastrous legends are made of the stuff we find in ourselves and inside the people who encompass him. In any case, by a strengthening of the existence which they share with others, they are raised above them; and the best are raised so far that, in the event that we completely understand all that is suggested in their words and activities, we become cognizant that, in actuality, we have hardly realized anybody taking after them. They have a deadly blessing that conveys with it a dash of significance (savage assurance, fixed thoughts); and when respectability of psyche, or virtuoso, or tremendous power are joined to it, we understand the full force and reach of the spirit, and the contention wherein it connects with secures that size which blends compassion and pity, however adoration, dread, and wonder. Shakespeare composed disasters from the earliest starting point of his vocation: perhaps the most punctual plays was the Roman catastrophe Titus Andronicus, and he tailed it a couple of years after the fact with Romeo and Juliet. In any case, his most appreciated disasters

The Experimental Group in Psychology Experiments

The Experimental Group in Psychology Experiments Student Resources Study Guides and Tips Print Experimental Group in Psychology Experiments By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 24, 2020 Cultura Science/Matt Lincoln / Getty Images More in Student Resources Study Guides and Tips APA Style and Writing Careers In a psychology experiment, the experimental group (or experimental condition) refers to the group of participants who are exposed to the independent variable. These participants receive or are exposed to the treatment variable. The data that is collected is then compared to the data from the control group, which did not receive the experimental treatment.?? By doing this, researchers are able to see if the independent variable had any impact on the behavior of the participants. Comparing the experimental group to the control group allows researchers to see how much of an impact the variables had on the participants.?? A Closer Look at Experimental Groups Imagine that you want to do an experiment to determine if listening to music while working out can lead to greater weight loss. After getting together a group of participants, you randomly assign them to one of three groups. One group listens to upbeat music while working out, one group listens to relaxing music, and the third group listens to no music at all. All of the participants work out for the same amount of time and the same number of days each week. In this experiment, the group of participants listening to no music while working out is the control group. They serve as a baseline with which to compare the performance of the other two groups. The other two groups in the experiment are the experimental groups.?? They each receive some level of the independent variable, which in this case is listening to music while working out. In this experiment, you find that the participants who listened to upbeat music experienced the greatest weight loss result, largely because those who listened to this type of music exercised with greater intensity than those in the other two groups. By comparing the results from your experimental groups with the results of the control group, you can more clearly see the impact of the independent variable.?? Some Things to Know When it comes to using experimental groups in a psychology experiment, there are a few important things to know: In order to determine the impact of an independent variable, it is important to have at least two different treatment conditions. This usually involves using a control group that receives no treatment against an experimental group that receives the treatment. However, there can also be a number of different experimental groups in the same experiment.Care must be taken when assigning participants to groups. So how do researchers determine who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group? In an ideal situation, the researchers would use random assignment to place participants in groups. In random assignment, each individual stands an equal shot at being assigned to either group. Participants might be randomly assigned using methods such as a coin flip or a number draw. By using random assignment, researchers can help ensure that the groups are not unfairly stacked with people who share characteristics that might unfairly skew the results.Variables must be well-defined. Before you begin varying things in an experiment, you need to have very clear operational definitions in place. These definitions clearly explain what your variables are, including what you are varying and what you are measuring. A Word From Verywell Experiments play an important role in the research process and allow psychologists to investigate cause and effect relationships between different variables. Have one or more experimental groups allows researchers to vary different levels of an experimental variable (or variables) and then compare the effects of these changes against a control group.?? The goal of this experimental manipulation is to gain a better understanding of the different factors that may have an impact on how people think, feel, and act.

The Main Types of Chemical Bonds

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all types of matter. Atoms link to other atoms through chemicals bonds resulting from the strong attractive forces that exist between the atoms. A chemical bond is a region that forms when electrons from different atoms interact with each other. The electrons that participate in chemical bonds are the valence electrons, which are the electrons found in an atoms outermost shell. When two atoms approach each other these outer electrons interact. Electrons repel each other, yet they are attracted to the protons within atoms. The interplay of forces results in some atoms forming bonds with each other and sticking together. Main Types of Chemical Bonds The two main types of bonds formed between atoms are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is formed when one atom accepts or donates one or more of its valence electrons to another atom. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons. The atoms do not always share the electrons equally, so a polar covalent bond may be the result. When electrons are shared by two metallic atoms a metallic bond may be formed. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms. The electrons that participate in metallic bonds may be shared between any of the metal atoms in the region. Predict Type of Chemical Bond Based on Electronegativity If the electronegativity values of two atoms are similar: Metallic bonds form between two metal atoms.Covalent bonds form between two non-metal atoms. Nonpolar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are very similar, while polar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are a little further apart. If the electronegativity values of two atoms are different, ionic bonds are formed.

The Main Types of Chemical Bonds

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all types of matter. Atoms link to other atoms through chemicals bonds resulting from the strong attractive forces that exist between the atoms. A chemical bond is a region that forms when electrons from different atoms interact with each other. The electrons that participate in chemical bonds are the valence electrons, which are the electrons found in an atoms outermost shell. When two atoms approach each other these outer electrons interact. Electrons repel each other, yet they are attracted to the protons within atoms. The interplay of forces results in some atoms forming bonds with each other and sticking together. Main Types of Chemical Bonds The two main types of bonds formed between atoms are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is formed when one atom accepts or donates one or more of its valence electrons to another atom. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons. The atoms do not always share the electrons equally, so a polar covalent bond may be the result. When electrons are shared by two metallic atoms a metallic bond may be formed. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms. The electrons that participate in metallic bonds may be shared between any of the metal atoms in the region. Predict Type of Chemical Bond Based on Electronegativity If the electronegativity values of two atoms are similar: Metallic bonds form between two metal atoms.Covalent bonds form between two non-metal atoms. Nonpolar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are very similar, while polar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are a little further apart. If the electronegativity values of two atoms are different, ionic bonds are formed.

The Main Types of Chemical Bonds

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all types of matter. Atoms link to other atoms through chemicals bonds resulting from the strong attractive forces that exist between the atoms. A chemical bond is a region that forms when electrons from different atoms interact with each other. The electrons that participate in chemical bonds are the valence electrons, which are the electrons found in an atoms outermost shell. When two atoms approach each other these outer electrons interact. Electrons repel each other, yet they are attracted to the protons within atoms. The interplay of forces results in some atoms forming bonds with each other and sticking together. Main Types of Chemical Bonds The two main types of bonds formed between atoms are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is formed when one atom accepts or donates one or more of its valence electrons to another atom. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons. The atoms do not always share the electrons equally, so a polar covalent bond may be the result. When electrons are shared by two metallic atoms a metallic bond may be formed. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms. The electrons that participate in metallic bonds may be shared between any of the metal atoms in the region. Predict Type of Chemical Bond Based on Electronegativity If the electronegativity values of two atoms are similar: Metallic bonds form between two metal atoms.Covalent bonds form between two non-metal atoms. Nonpolar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are very similar, while polar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are a little further apart. If the electronegativity values of two atoms are different, ionic bonds are formed.

The American Dream - 1655 Words

The American Dream is embedded in the Declaration of Independence, a founding document that articulates the idea that â€Å"all men are created equal† with the rights to bear â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness† (Declaration of Independence). A path to citizenship is a proposition to resolve the policy failures concerning illegal immigration and the eleven million undocumented immigrants living in the United States (Inspired by Suro). Each individual will be able to act as a constituent of the American kindred and contribute to the prosperity of American society with the grants of summoning immigration reform. Allowing immigrants to attain full privileges and benefits sustained by a citizen can unlock significant economic affluence to the United States, including an increase in employment wage gains, which will in turn strengthen the taxation policy and social security system; a favorable investment in education; elevated labor productivity; enhancement of entrepreneurship, which will create new businesses; along with a feasible path to equality and stability for the nation that will increase cultural contributions as well as reduce crime rates. This research report will identify and discuss the various economic, educational, social, and cultural benefits that citizenship for unauthorized immigrants holds, along with evaluate the drawbacks suitable to answering the question: Should the United States provide unauthorized immigrants the right to citizenship? To beginShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and highRead MoreThe American Dream By Kimberly Amadeo1637 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, a large number of people migrate to the United States to work and achieve the American Dream. According to the Article â€Å"What is the American Dream?† by Kimberly Amadeo, â€Å"The American Dream was first publicly defined in 1931 by James Truslow Adams in Epic of America. 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Many great films and works of literature were created to show case all the different ideas people have for their American Dream. The film â€Å"Grapes of Wrath† directed by John Ford and the poem â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† by Chief Joseph, both depictRead More Destruction of the American Dream Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. 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Polymer Processing Free Essays

Chapter 3. Polymer Processing Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Polymer Processing or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Procedure for casting sheets of polymer. Polymer Materials Page ? 2 Polymer Process Techniques HEMA = hydroxyethyl methacrylate EGDMA = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Fig. 3. 2. Centrifugal mold for poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) contact lenses Solvent casting of films Fig. 3. 3. Laboratory spreading device for the solution casting of films. Polymer Materials Page ? 3 Polymer Process Techniques Roll casting Fig. 3. 4. Knife coating of a polymer onto a film. Polymer Materials Page ? 4 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 5. Polymer casting bench. Polymer Materials Page ? 5 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 6. Solution casting of films on an industrial scale with the use of rotating metal drums. Polymer Materials Page ? 6 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 7. Use of a moving-belt system for the continuous solution casting of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 7 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 8. ‘Bubble’ blowing of films. Polymer Materials Page ? 8 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 9. Film manufacture by calendering. Polymer Materials Page ? 9 Polymer Process Techniques Methods for melt processing of films Fig. 3. 10. Hydraulic press for the melt pressing of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 10 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 11. Sequence of operations for the melt extrusion of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 11 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 12. Diagram of a plastics extruder. Polymer Materials Page ? 12 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 13. Diagram of a compression-molding press and mold. Polymer Materials Page ? 13 Polymer Process Techniques Melt process Fig. 3. 14. Diagram of an injection-molding machine. Polymer Materials Page ? 14 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 15. Thermoforming of polymer sheets. Polymer Materials Page ? 15 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 16. ‘Plug flow reactor’ to manufacture radiation crosslinked tubings or belts. Polymer Materials Page ? 16 Polymer Process Techniques Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) Advantages: ? Large parts ? Low viscosity ? Inexpensive Materials : ? Urethanes ? Polyureas ? Nylon ? Polyolefins Fig. 3. 17. Reaction injection molding (RIM) device to produce reinforced polyurethanes. ? Cylinder charged with diol and triol plus dibutyltin dilaurate ? Cylinder charged with molten diisocyanate ? Half of split mold ? Half of split mold ? Cavity to be filled with reinforcing fiber, then with mixed liquid from nozzle ? Nozzle for mixing streams from ? and ? Polymer Materials Page ? 17 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 18. Apparatus for the laboratory wet spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 18 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 19. Use of a motor-driven syringe pump for the laboratory preparation of wet-spun fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 19 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 20. Laboratory assembly for the ry spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 20 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 21. Industrial wet spinning. Polymer Materials Page ? 21 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 22. Laboratory or pilot-plant equipment for the melt extrusion of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 22 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 23. Manufacturing equipment for the dry spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 23 Polymer Process Techn iques Fig. 3. 24. Equipment for the melt spinning of fibers on an industrial scale. Polymer Materials Page ? 24 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 25. Three methods for the continuous orientation of synthetic fibers. (a) The fiber passes round a ‘peg’ which stabilizes the stretch orientation being induced by the faster-turning set of rollers. (b) The faster-turning drum stretches the polymer in the orientation zone. With this technique some difficulty may be experienced with stabilization of this zone. (c) The two drums turn at the same speed. But the fiber is stretched because of the greater circumference of the second drum. Polymer Materials Page ? 25 Polymer Process Techniques Processing of Elastomers (Vulcanizable) Fig. 3. 26. Reactor to manufacture four-ply valcanized rubber belts. Polymer Materials Page ? 26 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 27. Tire molding process Polymer Materials Page ? 27 Polymer Process Techniques Composite Laminate Processing Fig. 3. 28. Plug-flow reactor to form epoxy resin preimpregnated sheet. Polymer Materials Page ? 28 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 29. ‘Batch reactor’ to manufacture glass-fiber reinforced polyesters. Polymer Materials Page ? 29 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 30. Procedure used to manufacture fiber reinforced epoxy resins. Polymer Materials Page ? 30 How to cite Polymer Processing, Papers

Winning the Lottery free essay sample

Winning the lottery is the ultimate dream in everyones life. It is an easy game and requires very less amount of money to play, but the chances of winning are a one in a million. In everyones mind, spending their last dollar bill on a ticket and pick out random numbers may turn their life around in a positive and joyful way. In fact, winning the lottery could bring someones life more than just joy, it could turn their life into a living nightmares. Despite the risks on winning the lottery, more and more people are drawn to the idea of winning a fortune amount of money by playing guessed numbers and spending less money. Throughout the years, study shows that more and more lottery winners have had experienced the nightmares of winning the lottery ticket, this includes life at risk, depression, and death. Life at risk is known to be the most common effect on lottery winners. We will write a custom essay sample on Winning the Lottery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lottery winners are more expose to danger because of the lack of experience, carelessness, security and privacy. One winner for example, 45 years old name Jack Whittaker, who won a power ball lottery ticket worth of $314. 9 million dollars in West Virginia in December 2002. Shorty after winning, rubbers constantly breaks in into his properties and stole whatever they desire, he later start hiring local police of duty to guard his house and being his body guard. Lottery winners are not only exposing to the outside dangers from strangers, but also the danger from within the family. William Bud Post III, for example, he won $16. 2 million dollars in 1988. In 1993, five years after winner, his brother was convicted of hiring a hit man to kill him and his wise. In 2007, in Daytona, Ohio a wife who was sent to prison after trying to kill her husband when discovered he had won a $3. 5 million in lottery ticket. Although winning the lottery might be a risk to someones life, it is a chance of a life time that everyone cant seems to pass. Second common effect of lottery winners is fear and anxiety. . cover up the fact that winning a million dollars lottery could also comes with nightmares. The idea of winning a million dollars lottery could change your life, Study shows that winning the lottery could bring more than joy in someones life. In fact, it could turn someones life in to a nightmares. For example; life at risk, depression, sudden illness, and death. Jeff Dampier who won $20 million in the Illinois Lottery in 1986, was kidnapped and killed by his sister in law

Writing Tips on How to Write a Lab Report

Lab reports are a crucial component of lab courses. Many students experience difficulties in writing such papers. The main reason for this situation is that the students do not know how to organize the entire process from lab experimentation to the final task of writing the report. However, with the requisite guidance, it is very easy to write a remarkable paper. What Is a Lab Report? Ð ¡omprehensive Answer A lab report is an account of all the activities undertaken during a laboratory experiment. It includes an explanation of the aims of the research, the meaning of the results and what information you gained from the activity. Some instructors require students to submit the work as part of a lab report notebook while others will need a separate paper. Advice on How to Write a Good Lab Report To improve your skill in writing this type of paper, you need to observe the following tips. First, carry out the experiment within the laboratory. During the process, follow all the procedures in the experiment manual and keenly take note of any observations. Record all the results in the order they were obtained. These steps will help you write an organized lab report that is easy to read and understand. How Can I Learn How to Structure a Lab Report? The lab report structure might vary depending on the instructions of your teacher. In this case, you should follow the guidelines of your faculty to avoid using the wrong format. However, there is a general structure that is widely accepted across many institutions. It is structured as follows: Title page Introduction Body Results Discussion Conclusion Your Quality Guide on How to Start a Lab Report The first step in writing your lab report is the title page. Within this page, you need to include details such as experiment title, your name, and names of any other lab partners, your instructor’s name and the date you performed the experiment or submitted the report. Your title should be short; make it ten words or less. It should properly describe the purpose of the experiment. Writing a Lab Report Introduction In most instances, the introduction section of a lab report consists of one paragraph. It explains the purpose or objectives of the study. State your hypothesis in a single sentence. Sometimes the introduction may have background information. Steps in Writing a Lab Report Body The body section of a lab report contains various sections. Each segment highlights an important process of the experiment. This section includes materials, methods, data, results, discussions and the conclusion. Materials List all the tools you utilized during the entire practical activity. Methods Describe each step you undertook during the experiment. Give sufficient details to enable the reader to understand your paper properly. Write it as if you are giving someone else instructions on how to conduct the same experiment. Data Most numerical data should be represented in a table. Data entails every detail you recorded during the experiment. It should only include facts and no explanations or interpretations. In case your study involves some statistics, you can use methods of statistical data representation. These are bar graphs, pie charts, histograms, line graphs, and proportional circles among others. Results Describe what the results mean. At times this section can be combined with discussions. i.e (Results Discussions). Analysis/Discussion This section should contain any calculations made based on values derived from the data section. Interpret the information and determine whether the experiment accepted or rejected your hypothesis. Discuss any mistakes made during the exercise. You can also give suggestions on how future experiments can be conducted more effectively within the same study. Writing the Lab Report Conclusion The conclusion emphasizes the discovered hypothesis. The information can then be used to support or disprove a given theory or concept. In case the writer utilized external sources while undertaking the literature review, they should provide the relevant citations. You can also include an appendix section after the conclusion to explain specific jargon used in your study. End with the bibliography section. Send a Request Today If you are experiencing problems with lab reports, we can help with that. Contact us or place your orders and receive superb reports at affordable rates. Our college writing service is ready to help you with any tasks.

Information About U.S. Architect Salaries and Jobs

Information About U.S. Architect Salaries and Jobs How much do architects earn? Whats the average starting salary for an architect? Can an architect earn as much as a doctor or a lawyer? Architects often supplement their income by teaching college-level courses. Some architects may even do more teaching than building things. Here are the reasons why. Salaries for Architects Many factors influence the salary an architect earns. Income varies greatly according to geographic location, type of firm, level of education, and years of experience. While published statistics can be outdated - the May 2017 statistics from the federal government were released on March 30, 2018 - they will give you a general idea of the salaries, wages, income, and benefits for architects. According to May 2017 data from the U.S. Department of Labor statistics, U.S. architects earn between $47,480 and  $134,610 a year, up from a range of $46,600 to $129,810 the previous year. Half of all architects earned $78,470 ($37.72 per hour) or more - and half earned less in 2017, but these figures are significantly more than the median in 2016. The mean (average) annual wage for 2017 was $87,500, up from $84,470 per year in 2016, and the mean hourly wage rate was $42.07. These figures exclude landscape and naval architects, the self-employed, and owners and partners of unincorporated firms. Landscape architects do not fare as well. According to May 2017 statistics from the U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. landscape architects earn between  $40,480 amd  $108,470 a year, which is up from $38,950 and $106,770 a year in 2016. Half of all landscape architects earn $65,760 ($31.62 an hour) or more - and half earn less. The mean (average) annual wage of a landscape architect is $70,880, and the mean hourly wage rate is $34.08, both up from the previous year. Job Outlook for Architects Architecture, like many other fields, is profoundly affected by the local and national economy, especially the real estate market. When people dont have money to build houses, they sure dont have the means to hire an architect. All architects go through good times and down times. Even the most famous architects have stories to tell  - Frank Lloyd Wright worked on his Usonian house design after the Great Depression;  Frank Gehry experimented with his own house during the economic stagnation of the 1970s; Louis Sullivan is said to have died penniless. Most architectural firms will have a combination of residential and commercial projects to hedge against these economic ups and downs. According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, in 2016 the number of jobs for architects totaled 128,800. Competition is fierce for these opportunities. The U.S. government predicts that between 2016 and 2026, employment of architects will increase only 4 percent - slower than the average growth rate of 7 percent for all occupations. The job outlook for urban and regional planners, however, is predicted to be 13 percent, but there are far fewer jobs available. More Statistics, More Sources The professional organization for architects, the American Institute of Architects (AIA), provides an AIA Compensation Survey Calculator based on their own research. It is to the organizations benefit to provide information to newly hired architects, as part of their campaign to Know Your Worth: Are you compensated fairly? Its well-known that many entry-level architects feel taken advantage of at the start of their careers, and the AIA wants you to know that they are on your side with information transparency. For more employment statistics, check out the DesignIntelligence Compensation and Benefits Survey. This report draws data from hundreds of practices that offer design services such as architecture, design-build, engineering, interior design, landscape architecture, urban design, and industrial design. Thousands of full-time staff are represented in the survey. Design Intelligence is an independent research organization who regularly publish surveys and reports that they sell in the DI online bookstore. Online communities such as Archinect also provide data input by their online members. Remember that online polling has become technologically very easy to implement, sometimes making the results a little less than scientific. The Architecture Salary Poll from anonymously input survey data may not be as reliable as federal government data collection. You Are Your Own Architect Too many people think of four-year colleges as training schools - a place to pick up specific, marketable skills to find a job. However, the world changes quickly and a fixed set of skills can become obsolete almost immediately. Consider your undergraduate time as a way to lay the foundation, as though building a structure. The design of your life is based on your learning experiences. The most successful students are curious. They explore new ideas and reach beyond the curriculum. Choose a school that offers a strong program in architecture. But, while you are an undergraduate, be sure to take classes in other disciplines - science, math, business, and the arts. You do not need to earn a bachelors degree in architecture in order to become an architect. Even a degree in psychology can help you understand your future clients. Build the critical thinking skills youll need for an unpredictable future. If architecture remains your passion, your undergraduate studies will provide a solid foundation for a graduate degree in architecture.  You are the architect of your life. Anticipate the Future Architecture can open a world of career opportunities, especially when combined with other, seemingly unrelated skills. Perhaps youll discover a new type of housing, develop a hurricane-proof city, or design the interior rooms for a space station. The particular type of architecture you pursue could be one youve never imagined...perhaps one not yet invented. Some of the highest paying careers today did not exist 30 years ago. We can only guess the possibilities for the future. What will the world be like when youre at the peak of your career? Current trends suggest that the next 45 years will bring an urgent need for inventive, creative architects who can rise to the challenges posed by aging populations and global climate change. Green architecture, sustainable development, and universal design are becoming increasingly important. Meet these demands, and the money will follow. And, speaking of money... Does Architecture Pay? Painters, poets, and musicians struggle with the challenge of earning enough money to put food on the table. Architects - not so much. Because architecture incorporates science, engineering, and many other disciplines, the profession opens many avenues for earning income. While other professions may pay more, an architect who is flexible and creative is not likely to go hungry. Remember, too, that architecture is a business. Develop project management skills that will get jobs done on time and under budget. Also, if you can develop relationships and bring steady business to the architectural practice, youll be invaluable and well-paid. Architecture is a service, a profession, and a business. The bottom line, however, is whether architecture is your passion - whether you love design so much that you cant imagine spending your life any other way. If thats the case, the size of your paycheck becomes less important than the next new project. Know what drives you. Architecture is a great profession, but there are some key things to remember, 9/11 architect Chris Fromboluti told an interviewer at Life at HOK. Chris gave this advice to young architects: develop a thick skin, go with the flow, learn the profession, get into green design, dont be driven by money.... A future is the most important design an architect will ever make. Sources Occupational Employment Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2017, 17-1011 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval and 17-1012 Landscape Architects, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor [accessed May 13, 2018]Quick Facts: Architects, Occupational Outlook Handbook,  U.S. Department of Labor, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/architects.htm [accessed May 13, 2018]Quick Facts: Urban and Regional Planners, Occupational Outlook Handbook,  U.S. Department of Labor, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/urban-and-regional-planners.htm [accessed May 13, 2018]Life at HOK at www.hoklife.com/2009/03/23/5-questions-for-cris-fromboluti/, HOK.com [accessed July 28, 2016]

Integrated Marketing Communications Report ( Iphone 5s ) Research Paper

Integrated Marketing Communications Report ( Iphone 5s ) - Research Paper Example With the passage of time, Apple aims become more direct with its customers through expanding its business internationally and target a larger number of audiences (Hunt 2010). The change in the preference of the customers has lead the company to adopt different and innovation non-traditional marketing techniques advertising their product. However, market segmentation and trends prevailing in the targeted audience are predominating factors to stimulate Apple’s marketing strategies for iPhone. This Integrated Marketing Communication Report mainly focuses on the choices and marketing strategies of Apple for sales and promotion of i5s (Wilcox 2014). In order to assess marketing strategies of iPhone 5s number of print advertisements from Australian local magazines and newspaper has been used to develop understanding about the marketing techniques of iPhone 5s. In addition, several non-traditional advertisements have also been used develop understanding about the marketing strategies of iPhone 5s. Customer’s preferences, behavior and brand image is also been analyzing in the report for in-depth understating of Integrated Marketing Communication of iPhone 5s. Current marketing communication methods of iPhone 5s have been analyzed in the paper in order to develop future recommendation for marketing strategies of iPhone. Apple iPhone 5s is a sixth generation touch screen smartphone developed by Apple Inc., it has been preceding in the iPhone 5c (Wilcox 2014). iPhone 5s is featured with the different designs that included the different colors of the phone, aluminum based body with thinner and lighter weight than the other mobiles with a wider A6 system on chip, 64 bit architecture, fingerprint identity sensor, faster camera, LTE support, wide range of applications and updated version of iOS 7. iPhone 5s has launched with the different colors, Gold, Silver and Space Grey that is

Discussion and Conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Discussion and Conclusion - Essay Example for â€Å"prefer not to interact with the community† (?=6.29). The high mean score of the number of the respondents were as a result of negative perception towards the community as well as the rewards associated with teaching in the community schools. The low motivation in the school communities makes many people to shy away and don’t want to interact or take part in any activity which might join them together. It may also have resulted due to the conflict which exists between that group of teachers and the community in question causing the disparity. As many people would like to identify themselves with certain aspects of the society, others seems to rebel and don’t want to be associated with certain aspects of the community hence limiting their interaction. The similar situation was the same with respondents who â€Å"would prefer not to interact with the community in the future† (?=6.13) items; and, second, more modest expectations of the improvement of community relatedness, as indicated by lower mean scores for items such as â€Å"could become closer if interacted a lot† (?=4.85). ... This group of participant may be made up of the teachers who came from that community and can freely interact with the community if they became closer to them. At the same time, the scores may represent those individuals who have not identified themselves with the community and have not realized the benefits. Competence scores present an even more striking result related to the science teachers’ perception of both their own teaching performance and the one of the whole schools community. This is indicated by the mean value for â€Å"feeling pretty good at teaching science in urban schools† (?=2.09), close to â€Å"highly unlikely† response, with the noteworthy higher mean (?=5.85) for â€Å"feeling pretty good compared to other science teachers†. The above mean scores shows that many teachers feels pretty good in teaching science subjects unlike the small number which does not feel pretty good for the teaching of the subject At the same time, autonomy supp ort score show less strong preferences of the survey participants, with total score as well as the separate item statistics appearing to be generally close to neutral estimates. An interesting insight in this regard can be provided by the observed modest but highly significant correlation between perceived autonomy support and negative community-related experience. The low score on the Autonomy support for the principal is as a result of negative attitude that teachers community have on the principal/administration. This might be as a result of a number of factors related to community involvement in running of the schools affairs as well as issues related to good governance and ethics. The results from ANOVA and one-sample t-tests indicated

Sociological Study Of Womens Perception Towards Dowry Essay

Sociological Study Of Womens Perception Towards Dowry Essay Dowry has been an integral aspect of traditional arranged Hindu marriage. Over hundreds of years the dowry term has evolved from the ceremonial and voluntary gift giving to the brides family in a form of monetary extortion demanded by the grooms family. Tradition dowry means denoted gifts of kanyatana such as precious itens like expensive cloths give to both the bide and grooms family during the time of marriage The practice was derived from the high cultural and spiritual merit accorded to gift givers and gift giving in the Vedas and other Hindu literature. Dowry was originally used as a means to both sanctify material wealth and enhance social status in marriage. In modern sense dowry has reflect a change in the system such that the presentation of gifts no longer remains a voluntary process. In Indo pak brides families are often compelled to provide dowry in the name of gift giving and evaluated in terms of total cash value.Grooms family have a high socioeconomic status so they de mand the dowry. The modern practice of dowry is characterized by a shift from voluntary to forced gift giving as well as the primary role of the grooms family in determining the demand for gifts from the brides family. It is understood that the term dowry is a broad reference to the totality of assets transferred from the brides family to the grooms at the time of a marriage. The transfers of dowry is characterize by three steps: which is First the property transfer to the bride, Second, there are those gifts that continue to be part of the ceremonial aspect of the marriage and symbolize union between the two families. These would be matched by reciprocal gifts of equal value from the grooms family. Thirdly there are those assets that can be called marriage payments An economically it is this final aspect that constitutes the actual significant economic cost of dowry for a brides family, and is perhaps the most costly among the three aspects of the dowry The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is riddled by contrasts in almost every sector. It is characterized by a selective male friendly interpretation of the prominent religion Islam and elitist friendly application of laws. Being a part of the patriarchal belt of South Asia, the culture, family and society is patriarchal. Although recent entry of elected women representatives in the parliament and local bodies are being used as an instrument to make believe that women are empowered in Pakistan, the fact is that empowerment ( social, economic, political and legal) for most of the Pakistani women and disadvantaged communities in Pakistan is yet a distant dream. However, a number of efforts are underway to promote participation of women in all areas of development. There is also a growing attention by the current government to gender issues including violence that experienced political marginalization in previous democratic as well as military regimes. The visible outcome of such efforts which to date are limited to candid media, generous discourse and ceremonial gestures has yet to come. The country, today, like most other countries round the globe is facing the phenomenon of gender based violence. In the recent years, whenever and wherever, one speaks of gender violence and Pakistan or Pakistani communities outside Pakistan; one cannot recall any other form of violence but Honor Killing or the plight of Mukhtaran Mai. Media, especially western media have created hype on these. The net result of these associations is the convenient forgetfulness, by the Governments, Media, NGOs and other stake holders of the commonest form of gender violenc e in Pakistani; that is Dowry violence. Dowry violence is a culturally accepted; media generated and legally sanctioned form of violence, yet to be recognized as the most pertinent Pakistani gender issue by development activists in Pakistan. Pakistani Muslims have embraced the dowry system as a tradition and cultural practice due to the Indianization of Islam in the subcontinent. While working with Christian Youth in the slums of Islamabad that there was exposed to the fact that the curse of dowry has plagued this community and class as well and interestingly they owe this influence to their Muslim friends and neighbours.Despite 59 years of independence there is no sign and signal of discarding this system which over the years has graduated from a custom to an institution. Dowry is no longer a set of gift items meant for contributing towards a convenient start of the practical life of a newly married couple. Lavish and loud marriages, designers items studded bride, bridegroom and ot her family members, many course meals etc. all stand for the dowry system .In a country where a vast majority of population lives below poverty line and is devoid of basic human needs like water, sanitation, electricity. Health and education the growing trend of such Exhibiting Marriages is adding to the miseries of the not so privileged and creation of the lesser God. Dowry System causes a number of psychological and emotional traumas and ethical challenges by causing delayed marriages, marriage with inept person/elderly person, threats, taunts and torture of greedy in-laws and husband, and financial crises. In some parts of Pakistan, girls are wed with Quran so that family wealth and property can be safeguarded. It is almost imperative for Pakistani women as sisters to give up their inheritance rights in favor of their brothers. Dowry and expenses on marriage are frequently used explanations for the denial of right of inheritance to women. There are certain tribes and clans in the province of NWFP and Baluchistan where boys have to pay for the bride. If they cannot pay the right Bridal Price they cannot get married. This practice itself qualifies as a separate research entity. On the other hand the Bride who is sold is treated as a property and is entitled to be sold further. An interesting and innovative response to the question of limiting marriage expenses that has come from some welfare oriented Pakistani NGOs and welfare wings of certain Religious groups and public departments in the recent years is the phenomenon of Mass Weddings. There is no doubts in the good faith of the planners and implementers of such weddings It cannot endorse this kind of way out. This solution besides carrying transparency issues (for instance how the eligible couples are selected, what is the actual expense etc.) and compromises on the individual self esteem are in fact endorsing the custom and institution of dowry (Rakhshinda, 2006) Keeping in mind these points the present study will be conducted to investigate the following objectives. To check the role of dowry in the success or failure of marital adjustment. To study the perception of women towards the dowry practices. To give possible suggestions for the solution of this problem. V. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Bloch and Rao (2001) Estimated how domestic violence may be used as an instrument to extract larger transfers from a spouses family. It is based on a case-study of three villages in Southern India, that combines qualitative and survey data. Based on the ethnographic evidence, they develop a non-cooperative bargaining and signaling model of dowries and domestic violence. The estimation from these models were tested with survey data. This study showed that women who payed smaller dowries suffer an increased risk of marital violence, as do women who come from richer families. Maristella and Aloysius(2002) Showed that when married daughters leave their parents home and their married brothers do not, altruistic parents provide dowries for daughters and gifts for sons in order to meet a free riding problem between their married sons and daughters. The study has estimation on the form of the dowry contract, the exclusion of daughters from bequests, and the decline of dowries in previously dowry giving societies. These estimation are consistent with historical evidence from ancient Near Eastern civilizations, ancient Greece, Roman and Byzantine empires, western Europe from 500 to 1500 AD, the Jews from antiquity to the Middle Ages, Arab Islam from 650 AD to modern times, China, Japan, medieval and Renaissance Tuscany, early-modern England, modern Brazil, North America, and contemporary India Terilt (2002) argued that marriages in traditional societies often include a transfer between the involved parties. In some societies, a transfer is made from the groom to the family of bride (a brideprice), while in others it goes from the bride to the groom (dowry). Researcher investigated whether differences in the type of marriages that are allowed can account for these observations The model has several other interesting implications that are in line with what is san in the data. Pologyny leads to a larger difference in age between husbands and wives, a younger marriage age for women, and higher fertility. Siwan (2003) concluded that in contrast to most dowry-oriented societies in which payments have declined with modernization, those in India have undergone significant inflation over the last five decades. He explained the difference between these two experiences by focusing on the role played by caste. The theoretical model contrasts caste- and non-caste-based societies: in the former, there exists an inherited component to status (caste) that is independent of wealth, and in the latter, wealth is the primary determinant of caste. Modernization is assumed to involve two components: increasing average wealth and increasing wealth dispersion within caste groups. He further showed that, in caste based societies, the increases in wealth dispersion that accompany modernization necessarily lead to increases in dowry payments, whereas in non-caste-based societies, increased dispersion has no real effect on dowry payments and increasing average wealth causes the payments to decline. Luciana et al (2004) estimated that in recent years, dowry levels have risen to previously unforeseen levels. Among Hindus in north India dowry can amount to three or four times a familys total assets. Among Muslims in Bangladesh and Hindus in south India, dowry has become commonplace whereas the practice did not exist a generation ago. The institution of dowry has been widely criticized, socially maligned, and legally banned. Some recent economic writings suggest that dowry functions as a bequest or pre-mortem inheritance, implying it persists because it is good for the bride. Using panel data from an adolescent study in rural Bangladesh, he explored the association between dowry and the prevalence of domestic abuse to test the bequest theory of dowry. They found that, contrary to the prediction of the bequest theory, married females who paid dowry at marriage have a higher likelihood of reporting domestic violence compared to those who did not. In addition, the relation between dow ry and abuse is highly level-specific: respondents who paid small dowries report much higher levels of abuse than those who paid large dowries. In fact, paying no dowry is just as protective, if not more so, in terms of preventing abuse as the largest dowry payments. Anderson (2004) concluded that laws restricting dowries have existed in most societies where these transfers have occurred. Central to the policy debates is the actual role of the dowry payment. It is typically believed that intervention is required when dowries serve as a price for marriage (groom price), but not when dowries are means of endowing daughters with some financial security (pre-mortem inheritance). He developed a simple matching model of marriage which integrates the two different roles for dowry. It is demonstrated that when modernization occurs, dowry payments can evolve from a pre-mortem inheritance into a groom price. The model generated implications which empirically distinguish the two different motives. The predictions are tested using recent data from Pakistan, where dowry legislation is currently an active policy issue. This investigation concludes that, in urban areas the payment is serving as a groom price, instead of the traditional pre-mortem inheritance to women. However, his study showed that this is not such a large concern in rural areas. Geirbo and Imam (2006) concluded that much of what is written about dowry focuses on the harmful aspects. He argued that in order to target dowry as a social problem, we need to know more about why people continue the practice. It gives an overview of the transactions connected to wedding and divorce before it explores the motivations people have for giving and taking dowry. In the end, it is discussed how this rationality meets the rationality of the government and NGOs in the local interpretation and use of legislation and in the use of microcredit. Security is found to be the main motivation for giving dowry. A paid dowry gives a hope that the daughter will be treated well in her in-laws house. Because dowry is connected to Mohr, it also gives a security in case of divorce. However, a paid dowry does not give women entitlements towards her in-laws, only a hope that they will treat her well. Also, womens entitlement to Mohr depends on payment of dowry as well as her performance as a wife. Men, on the other hand, are perceived as having unquestioned entitlement to dowry. This imbalance is seen as being connected to a perception of women as being vulnerable to physical and social risk as well as representing a threat to their family and community. In conclusion it is recommended that instead of targeting dowry directly, advocacy efforts would gain from targeting the causes behind the motivations for giving and taking dowry. Reducing the risk factors that make married status and dowry crucial for women is a way to combat the practice. One way to do this is by implementing livelihood programmers for adolescent girls. Apart from this, the prevailing gender ideology has to be challenged systematically among both girls and boys from an early age. The monograph is based on qualitative research in Domar under Nilphamari district in Bangladesh. Babur (2007) concluded that dowry system is another form of social and traditional practice whose consequences result direct violence of women. There is hardly any family in Pakistan un which this dowry system is not followed. Not a signal day passes without dowry death and torture women. News papers are full of stories torture of women who bring in sufficient dowry. Unable to bear the torched, some brides are forced to commit suicide and some are burnt alive under the cover of stove deaths, which is also called bride burning in which women are burn alive after being covered with kerosene oil. Afzal (2007) estimated an equation explaining the determinates of dowry they address a very common socio economic problem for subcontinent, the problem of dowry from a social planers respective, whom wants to reduce overall dowry transfer, they consider the effect of change in a few relevant parameters like husband height, wife height wet land dry land, year of marriage and years of education, for woman and men on these decision. According to the various studies the dowry phenomenon is exist heavily in rural subcontinent, at the same time research related to the system is very rare. The aim of his study to estimate an equation explaining the determinant of dowry. Several interpretation of dowry is distinguished using a simple theoretical frame work and the prediction of this model are tested. Using the data provide them for this project is tested and reliable so that they will be able to draw their won testable relationships and determinant of dowry. His study suggested even though t here are religious and cultural differences, the system of dowry in Pakistan appears to be for the same reason as in India. A theoretical frame work was developed that was inclusive of the required variable by testing through the multiple regression analyses and the experimental findings shows the independent variable use to test have an impact on dowry by applying multiple regression step wise method. Arunachalamy and Loganz (2008) concluded that dowries have been modeled as pre-mortem bequests to daughters or as groom-prices paid to in-laws. These two classes of models yield mutually exclusive predictions, but empirical tests of these predictions have been mixed. We draw from historical evidence that suggests a bifurcated marriage market, in which some households use dowries as a bequest and others use dowries as a price. The competing theories of dowry allow us to structure an exogenous switching regression that places households in the price or bequest regime. The empirical strategy allows for multiple checks on the validity of regime assignment. Using retrospective marriage data from rural Bangladesh, we evidence of het- erogeneity in dowry motives; that bequest dowries have declined in prevalence and amount over time; and that bequest households are better o_ compared to price households on a variety of welfare measures. Attila et al (2008) suggested that existing theoretical and empirical research on dowries has difficulty accounting for the large changes in dowry levels observed in many countries over the past few decades. To explain trends in dowry levels in Bangladesh, they draw attention to an institutional feature of marriage contracts previously ignored in the literature: the mehr or traditional Islamic bride price, which functions as a prenuptial agreement in Bangladesh due to the default practice of being only payable upon divorce. We develop a model of marriage contracts in which mehr serves as a barrier to husbands exiting marriage and a component of dowry is an amount that extant compensates the groom for the cost of mehr. The contracts are welfare-improving because they induce husbands to internalize the social costs of divorce for women. We investigate how mehr and dowry respond to exogenous changes in the costs of polygamy and divorce, and show that our model gives a different set of p redictions than traditional models of dowry payments without contractible mehr. To test the models predictions empirically, we use data collected on marriage contracts between 1956 and 2004 from a large household survey from the Northwest region of the country, and make use of key changes in Muslim Family Law in 1961 and 1974. They showed that major changes in dowry levels took place precisely after the legal changes, corresponding to simultaneous changes in levels of mehr. Sarwat and Imtiaz (2009) concluded that the focus of this study is to estimate an equation explaining the determinants of dowry. In this paper, they address a very common socio-economic problem for sub-continent, the problem of dowry. From a social planners perspective, who wants to reduce overall dowry transfers, they consider the effect of change in a few relevant parameters like husband height, wife height, wet land, dry land, years of marriage and years of education for women men on these decisions. According to the various studies the dowry phenomenon is exist heavily in rural sub-continent, at the same time research related to this system is very rare. The aim of this study is to estimate an equation explaining the determinants of dowry. Several interpretations for dowry are distinguished using a simple theoretical framework and the predictions of this model are tested. Using the data provided us for this project is tested and reliable so that we will be able to draw our own t estable relationships and determinants of dowry. The data will be use in the following sections for further analysis by estimating the determinants of dowry using multiple regression analysis. The study suggests that even though there are religious and cultural differences, the system of dowry in Pakistan appears to be for the same reasons as in India. A theoretical framework was developed that was inclusive of all the required variables by testing through the multiple regression analysis and the experimental findings shows the independent variable used to test have an impact on dowry by applying multiple regression step-wise method. Laura et al (2009) concluded that significant amounts of wealth have been exchanged as part of marriage settlements throughout history. Although various models have been proposed for interpreting these practices, their development over time has not been investigated systematically. In this study they use a Bayesian MCMC phylogenetic comparative approach to reconstruct the evolution of two forms of wealth transfers at marriage, dowry and bride wealth, for 51 Indo-European cultural groups. Results indicate that dowry is more likely to have been the ancestral practice, and that a minimum of four changes to bride wealth is necessary to explain the observed distribution of the two states across the cultural groups. Review of literature explained that a large number of women faced many dowry problems including that psychological, social and economical factors common in our society. This is more serious issue in our Pakistan. I am going to explore a sociological study women perception towards dowry in urban areas of Tehsil D.G.Khan. VII MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main objective of methodology is to explain various tools and techniques apply for a data collection, data analysis and interpretation of data related to research problem. According to Nachmias and Nachmias (1992) the scientific methodology is a system of explicit rules and procedures upon which research is based and against which the claims for knowledge are evaluate. The aim of present study will be to explore the causes of dowry such as social, economical, political , legal and their impact of dowry at marriage in our society. The universe of study will be Tehsil D.G.Khan (District Dera Ghazi Khan). A sample of one hundred and fifty females will be selected from five urban councils through simple random sampling technique. Respondents will be interviewed by using a well structured questionnaire. Ten respondents will be pre-tested to check and examine the workability of questionnaire. Data will be analyzed through appropriate statistical technique by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), Univariate and bivariate analysis will be carried out and obtained information will be present in form of M.Sc thesis. VII. LITERATURE CITED: Attila. A, Erica. F, Maximo. T.2008. Muslim family law, prenuptial agreements and the emergence of dowry in Bangladesh,Harvard University. Arunachalamy.R, Loganz. T.2008.On the Heterogeneity of Dowry Motives. Department of Economics, The Ohio State University, and National Bureau of Economic Research. Anderson.S.2004. Should dowries be banned? Department of Economics, University of British Columbia. Bloch .F, Rao.V.2001. Terror as a Bargaining Instrument: A Case-Study of Dowry Violence in Rural India.1-25 Geirbo. H, Imam. N.2006. The Motivations Behind Giving and Taking Dowry. BRAC,Research and evaluation division Dhaka. Bangladesh. Page 1-36 Luciana. S, Sajada. A, Lopita. H, Kobita. C.2004. Does Dowry Improve Life for Brides? A Test of the Bequest Theory of Dowry in Rural Bangladesh. Population council No.195. Laura.F, Clare. H, Ruth .M.2009. From bridewealth to dowry? A bayesian estimation of ancestral states of marriage transfers in indoeuropean groups. Department of anthropology, university college london.1-34 Maristella. B, Aloysius. S. 2002. Why Dowries? Department of Economics, University of Toronto. Contributed papers 0200,Economic society.Page 1-47 Maristella. B, Aloysius .S.2002. Marriage Markets and Intergenerational Transfers in Comparative Perspective (Why Dowries?) Nachmias, C.F. and D. Nachmias. 1992. Research methods in the social sciences. Published by Edwards Arnold. A division of Hodder and Stoughton.London Rakhshinda, P.2006. Dowry: The most frequently forgotten form of gender violence in Pakistan. Gender based Violence. Sarwat ,A, Imtiaz, S; 2009. To estimate an equation explaining the determinants of dowry. Pakistan development review, vol.xii,No.1,48-61. Siwan. A.2003. Why Dowry Payments Declined with Modernization in Europe but Are Rising in India. [Journal of Political Economy, 2003, vol. 111, no. 2]. The University of Chicago. Tonushree, J. 2001. The Economics of Dowry: Causes and Effects of an Indian Tradition, copyright 2001 UAUJE. Htt://www.eco.ilstu/UAUJE.Research monograph series No.28. Nachmias, C.F. and D. Nachmias. 1992. Research methods in the social sciences. Published by Edwards Arnold. A division of Hodder and Stoughton.London

The Value to Life

The Value to Life; Society vs. Self Today, our society assigns the value to human life based on which life is actually more appealing to them. In other words, society places a price tag on a man’s life. A person is judged by society on the value of their life based on certain factors and aspects that are irrelevant. People realize the true value to their lives when they are in encounter with situations that may take it away. And because the value of life is so precious, society should determine its value in different and better ways that appreciate its value.People put more value on their lives when they come close to knocking on the doors of death. For instance, those living with  terminal illnesses  like cancer, have a whole different perception of their life and all of life in general in comparison to someone who is living a completely healthy life. In his autobiography,  Lance Armstrong  said, â€Å"When I was sick, I saw more beauty and triumph and truth in a sin gle day than I ever did in a bike race, but they were human moments, not miraculous ones. Lance Armstrong is one of the most successful and accomplished figures in the world, yet even to him, a day of simply living one more day means more than any of his accomplishments while living with cancer. Having everything may make one value their life in greater depth but the fear of losing that everything they have worked for makes them value it even more however. While a person may assign the value to their life based on the obstacles they have overcame and learned from, society’s way of determining the value to a human life is not nearly as sensitive.Society assigns the value of life under the terms of which life is actually worth more in dollars. Its unfortunate but there are too many instances in life where one person’s life is considered with higher value than others simply because of what they have and what they are willing to show for it. I remember a time when a family member of mine was rushed to the emergency room only to be turned away because he did not have any medical insurance. Does that mean his life has less value than someone who does have life insurance?He deserved to be seen by a doctor just as much as the next with or without the papers. Or in another case scenario, a young rich blonde girl of a wealthy known family becomes kidnapped on the same day as a daughter of a drug addict in the projects, who would have more publicity in the search for their return? The blonde girl’s family has more money; therefore, can afford to pay their way to more publicity time, bestowing more value on her life.It is not something that you think of everyday, or is easily realized, but our society holds value on our life only through the materialistic things. For instance, after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, thousands of innocent lives were lost as a result. Due to the fact that there were so many families to compensate and to preven t the airlines from going out of business, the federal government enforced a limit on how much each family would receive in compensation.These numbers were given in an article called â€Å"What Is a Life Worth? † in  Time magazine  written by Amanda Ripley. â€Å"First, the government will estimate how much a victim would have earned over his or her lifetime had the planes never crashed. That means a broker’s family will qualify for a vastly higher award than a window washer’s family. † This quote shows that in the eyes of society, the value of life is not equal because if that was the case, everyone affected from the crash would have received the same amount in compensation.The only difference between the broker and the window washer is how much money their bank account holds, but in this case, that is the only thing that matters in determining their value of life. When assigning the value of life, society overlooks the character of the person or wha t purpose they served in life. Since treating every man equal in America is something we try to abide our lives by, the value of someone’s life should be determined on better terms.The value of someone’s life should be determined by the merit that person has earned throughout their life. In the book of proverbs it states that â€Å"We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less. † According to this quote, a man must be treated on his worth which is something that he must earn since every man is given the same chances and opportunities not more or less than others.When people are born, they are all given equal chances, but the different circumstances that can occur in each person’s life along the way can determine who has the ability to overcome the obstacles, making that person earn a certain merit that decides the value to their life. In c onclusion, a person’s value of their own life is something that is overlooked at first. People do not realize that life is something that can be taken away so quickly that sometimes you cannot even grasp it. Life gains value when it is almost lost. When people have ragedies strike their lives, such as being diagnosed with a terminal disease, they realize how much life means to them because they feel the end approaching. They begin to realize that all their life, they have worked for something and just like that, it can be taken away. Our society plays a large role in how value is put on life. Society determines the value of life unfairly and none biased on the emotional aspects a life may pertain. Society judges a human life based on their materialistic earnings rather than their merit earnings. A rich man’s life is more valuable than a poor man’s under the rules of society.

How do writings stand the test of time? Essay

What people write and read depends upon what they are thinking and what they are doing. The literature of the period reflects varieties of interests. One of the offices of literature is to take the reader away from the duties that fill the day. But great literature does more than this: great literature enlarges the reader’s world. The short story must always be literary entertainment: it must be always interesting, attention-compelling, and diverting (Perez 13). But real value of short story lies in its significant statement or question about human beings, the world they live in, the rules and custom that govern their actions. Most of the great short stories of the twentieth century fall outside the category of escape literature. There are stories which studies in personality and character, pictures of diverse social conditions, considerations of the validity of social institutions, and presentation of moral problems – all against a background of ordinary events (Perez 18). This paper takes off from the idea of famous critic Samuel Johnson, that literature can only endure the test of time – if and only if it show and deal with situations and characters that are identifiable, which is somehow a part of us, that individuals to individuals commonly share across boundaries of time and place. This essay will therefore examine the particular works of Washington Irving (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow), O. Henry also known as William Henry Porter (The Third Ingredient) and Edgard Allan Poe (The Cask of Amontillado). To juxtapose the significance of these three essays in literature, all three short essays will be explore from the premise of literary critic Samuel Johnson; its quality to be regard as ‘just representation of general nature vis-a-vis least representation of commonly experience. Washington Irving’s stands out as one of the very first American storytellers and humorists. Customs, manners, traditions and legends are the materials of his works. Washington Irving wrote about people. His famous work such as ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’ will carry the reader back where there is no great bridges which spanned the Hudson River, no highways followed the contours of its majestic curves, and no steamboats plied up and down its broad waters. â€Å"From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by the name of SLEEPY HALLOW, and its rustic lads are called the Sleepy Hollow Boys throughout the neighboring country (Delgado 12). † Irving introduce the reader to the early Dutch settlers on the banks of the Hudson, immediate descendants of the people who built the first homes, the first villages, who established the first churches and the first schools, in short, the people who began the transformation of a wilderness into the settled and civilized country we know today. â€Å"His schoolhouse was a low building of one large room, rudely constructed of logs: the windows partly glazed, and partly patched with leaves of old copybooks (Delgado 14). † Much of that Irving has written about early life on the Hudson is true: the social life of the wealthy Dutch farmer, the role of the schoolmaster as teacher and local sage, life in the schoolroom – these can be verified by research. Thus Irving’s main interest was not in an accurate representations of the society of time does not detract from the charm and value of his work for modern readers. He represents a halfway point between writers who strove to beguile their American readers with elegant stories laid in Europe and later writers who found in the American scene and the common people of America sufficient beauty and strength for literary material. However, Irving had not entirely escaped from the traditional romanticism of his day is shown by his decorative treatment of Dutch village life on Hudson and his inclusion of the legend of the Headless Horseman. â€Å"Such general purport of this legendary superstition, which has furnished materials for many a wild story in that region of shadows; and the specter is known, at all the country firesides, by the name of the Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow (Delgado 13). † On the one hand, ‘The Third Ingredient’ written by O. Henry, who was also one of the most admired short story writers for years and his pattern for short story was imitated by many other writers. Most of his short story is about ordinary American characters doing things that are typical of our ways of life. â€Å"At six o’clock one afternoon Hetty Pepper came back to her third-floor rear $3. 50 room in the Vallambrosa with her nose and chin more sharply pointed that usual. To be discharged from the department store where you have been working four years, and with only fifteen cents in your purse, does have a tendency to make your features appear more finely chiseled (Ramon 46)† The story reveals how a typical individual spends his/her day. It is so cliche that every individual can somehow relate to the story. The pattern of O. Henry story is this: background, characters, time, place and tone – is deftly and vividly sketched. And event occurs that creates a problem. The action that arises from the problem and the background is built up to the climax. The story is concluded with a twist and snaps that is often a surprise – but never a surprise that has not been carefully prepared for in the story. â€Å"After he had tapped at the door and entered. Hetty begun to peel and wash the onion at the sink. She gave a gray look at the gray roofs outside and the smile on her face vanished by little jerks and twitches (Ramon 53). † Edgard Allan Poe is famous for his impressionistic stories of terror and horror. He once said that the end of the story must be in the writer’s mind at the very beginning and that the first paragraph, the first sentence, must be a part of the preparation for the culmination. His impressionistic stories are famous for their predominant mood of terror and horror. â€Å"At length I would be avenged; this was a point definitely settled – but the very definitiveness with which it was resolved precluded the idea of risk. I must not only punish but punish with impunity (Perez 102). † He wrote horror stories and created the detective story. He is not concerned with moral lesson – the horror stories which he created. Poe created a single effect, of terror or horror; while in his detective stories he presents cold and scientific solutions of crimes, not moral judgment on the criminals. Poe believed that there are three essentials for good short story. First: the story should be short enough to be read at one sitting. Next: plot, characters and setting should contribute to a single impression, oneness of effect. Third: nothing should be included which is not positive value in creating the oneness of effect. When you read the stories that follow notice that only those details which are important to the creating of the single effect are presented. â€Å"A succession of loud and shell screams, bursting suddenly from the throat of the chained form, seemed to thrust me violently back. For a brief moment I hesitated – I trembled. Unsheathing my rapier, I began to grope with it about the recess; but the thought of an instant reassured me. I placed my hand upon the solid of the catacombs and felt satisfied. I re-approached the wall. I replied to the yells of him who clamored. I reechoed – I aided – I surpassed them in volume and in strength. I did this, and the clamorer grew still (Perez 104). † I believe that Poe is an effective writer and poet nonetheless, his impressionistic style can somehow affect the quality of the story to be considered as ‘just representation of general nature. ’ However, the typicality of his short story ‘The Cask of Amontillado’ does not necessarily mean it is less effective – the tale conforms to the laws of the three unities: unities of time, place and interest. The story needed a short time to complete the action of the story. And also the way every detail and every word contributed to its general effect. Reference Cited Delgado, Frank. Literature for Philippine High School. Philippines: Punlad Publishing House, 1989. Perez, Salvacion. Literature a Series of Anthologies. Philippines: St. Scholastica, 1995. Ramon, Antonio. Heritage of World Literature. Philippines: Punlad Publishing House, 1992.

Should Smoking Be Banned Public Places - 950 Words

One day I walk in to public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health problem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on this topic majority of customers stood with their physical powerful opening on top of should they smoke cigarette be supposed to be permitted inside a public place. The public has recognized to people resolve yourself in understanding behavior, whether they believe is not unsafe otherwise. Also they ban smoking inside public places might disagree that people should not hang round people like smoke cigarette include having self discipline. Furthermore ban smoking public places can affect economic trouble inside the business because bars, cafes, and restaurants being in public places take inside smoker. Also reduce within customers, outcome during refuse income. Furthermore its good idea to ban smoking public places would improve control the unsafe toxin in our air implement the bylaw in all places would be hard and boring to keep an eye on. The majority Americans include the ability to decide wherever they’d like to use them free instance. Though situations becauseShow MoreRelatedShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?941 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals get older they try to cope with the stresses of everyday life by continuing to smoking. It makes them feel more relaxed and at ease. Whatever the reason is, it is a hard habit to break once one starts. For many smokers today it is getting hard to find a place to smoke. Comedians joke about going to another planet just to light up. Smoking should be banned in public places because smoking is just as bad for non smokers as it is for smokers. The effects of secondhand smoke orRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?864 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is one of the practices which is considered highly dangerous to our health because it impacts the smoker and the people around them. There are approximately one billion smokers. Smoking is a big issue that the nonsmoker faces. For example, when the smokers smoke in public places like restaurants, universities and other public places it hurts the non-smoker. The non-smoker breathing the cigarette, marijuana or hookah smoke from the smoker do both of them are breathing toxic chemicals. In aRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?885 Words   |  4 Pagesday I walk into public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health pr oblem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on this topicRead MoreSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned Essay474 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned I feel very strongly that smoking in public places should be banned. I will list my reasons for my thinking below and explain why I think this. I cannot stand walking down a street behind someone who is smoking. Every time they exhale I then have to walk into a cloud of their smoke. My clothes smell, because they have been saturated with the smoke, it gets into my hair too. It also affects my health. It was found that sevenRead MoreEssay on Smoking In Public Places Should Be Banned463 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking In Public Places Should Be Banned There should be rules enforced for smoking in public places. Smokers just do not know the negative influence they are spreading. A puff of cigarette can harm a smokers health. When I go to a restaurant I do not like to leave smelling like smoke. It is the same going to a garbage dump, and smelling like garbage. I am not a smoker, and I cannot stand having the stench of smoke on my clothes. The smell of smoke is not harmful, but secondhand smoke isRead MoreSmoking Should be Banned in Public Places Essays1464 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warning on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that smoking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancerRead MoreEssay Smoking Should NOT Be Banned in Public Places730 Words   |  3 PagesSmoking Should Not Be Banned in Restaurants      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the perfect situation, smoking policy would be set by bar or restaurant owners, and customers would patronize the establishments with the policy they prefer. Customers would decide-without the governments help-if they want to avoid smoke-filled rooms or enter them. They might even choose to sit in an area sectioned off for smokers or non-smokers, but the ultimate issue is choice (Ruwart 1). When the government starts telling restaurantRead MoreEssay about Smoking In Public Places Should be Banned766 Words   |  4 Pages Do you mind people smoking around you in public places? According to the pro-smoking group Air Initiative 7 in 10 of you do. Do you think it is fair to discriminate against smokers, forcing them to stand outside and smoke? On the other hand is it fair that non-smokers should have to inhale second hand smoke which can dame their health? (Do you support this ban or do you oppose it?) Personally I oppose it as I believe that non-smokers shouldn†™t be subjected to a smoky environment on a night out.Read MoreNationwide Smoking Ban: Smoking Should be Banned in All Public Places899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe public about its dangers in 1972 (Schick Glantz, 2005). Do people knowingly have the right to put others’ health at risk? No, they do not. Exposure to cigarette smoke is a public health risk. Therefore, smoking should be banned in all public places, nationwide. There has been no attempt to impose a national smoking ban by the U.S. government. All current bans are in place because of state and local legislation. Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights lists the various state and local smoking lawsRead MoreEssay about Smoking Should be Banned in All Public Places1133 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking Should be Banned in All Public Places Every year thousands of people die because of having cancer or other tobacco related illnesses due to smoking. Smoking is seen everywhere from our own television screens to even the world wide web; the internet. Tobacco is the substance that is in these cigarettes. These tobacco products are promoted through tobacco ads that are found almost everywhere you turn. They are in magazines, television screens, on the internet